（1）高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)。根據(jù)建筑高度和設(shè)計(jì)要求分別采用框架、框架支撐、筒體和巨型框架結(jié)構(gòu)，其構(gòu)件可采用鋼、勁性鋼筋混凝土或鋼管混凝土。鋼構(gòu)件質(zhì)輕延性好，可采用焊接型鋼或軋制型鋼，適用于超高建層建筑；勁性鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件剛度大，防火性能好，適用于中高層建筑或底部結(jié)構(gòu)；鋼管混凝土施工簡(jiǎn)便，僅用于柱結(jié)構(gòu)。

(1) High rise steel structure technology. According to the building height and design requirements, frames, frame supports, tubes, and mega frame structures can be used, and their components can be made of steel, reinforced concrete, or steel tube concrete. Steel components are lightweight and have good ductility, and can be made of welded or rolled steel, suitable for ultra-high rise buildings; Reinforced concrete components with high stiffness and good fire resistance are suitable for medium to high-rise buildings or bottom structures; Steel tube concrete construction is simple and only used for column structures.

（2）空間鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)?？臻g鋼結(jié)構(gòu)自重輕、剛度大、造型美觀，施工速度快。以鋼管為桿件的球節(jié)點(diǎn)平板網(wǎng)架、多層變截面網(wǎng)架及網(wǎng)殼等是我國(guó)空間鋼結(jié)構(gòu)用量大的結(jié)構(gòu)型式。具有空間剛度大，用鋼量低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在設(shè)計(jì)、施工和檢驗(yàn)規(guī)程，并可提供完備的CAD。除網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)外，空間結(jié)構(gòu)尚有大跨懸索結(jié)構(gòu)、索膜結(jié)構(gòu)等。

(2) Space steel structure technology. The spatial steel structure has light weight, high stiffness, beautiful appearance, and fast construction speed. Spherical node flat grid structures, multi-layer variable cross-section grid structures, and grid shells with steel pipes as members are the most commonly used types of spatial steel structures in China. It has the advantages of high spatial stiffness and low steel consumption, and can provide comprehensive CAD in design, construction, and inspection procedures. In addition to grid structures, spatial structures also include large-span suspension structures, cable membrane structures, etc.

（3）輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)。伴隨著輕型彩色鋼板制成墻體和屋面圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)組成的新結(jié)構(gòu)形式。由5mm以上鋼板焊接或軋制的大斷面薄壁H型鋼墻梁和屋面檁條，圓鋼制成柔性支持系統(tǒng)和高強(qiáng)螺栓連接構(gòu)成的輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系，柱距可從6m到9m，跨度可達(dá)30m或更大，高度可達(dá)十幾米，并可設(shè)輕型吊四。用鋼量20～30kg/m2?，F(xiàn)已有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的設(shè)計(jì)程序和化生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，安裝速度快，重量輕，投資少，施工不受季節(jié)限制，適用于各種輕型工業(yè)廠房。

(3) Light steel structure technology. A new structural form consisting of walls and roof enclosure structures made of lightweight colored steel plates. A light steel structural system consisting of large section thin-walled H-shaped steel wall beams and roof purlins welded or rolled with steel plates of 5mm or more, flexible support systems made of round steel, and high-strength bolt connections. The column spacing can range from 6m to 9m, the span can reach 30m or more, and the height can reach more than ten meters. It can also be equipped with a lightweight suspension system. The amount of steel used is 20-30kg/m2. There are now standardized design procedures and specialized production enterprises, with good product quality, fast installation speed, light weight, low investment, and construction not limited by seasons, suitable for various light industrial plants.

（4）鋼混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)。以型鋼或鋼管理與混凝土構(gòu)件組成的梁、柱承重結(jié)構(gòu)為鋼混組合結(jié)構(gòu)，近年來應(yīng)用范圍日益擴(kuò)大。組合結(jié)構(gòu)兼有鋼與混凝土兩者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，整體強(qiáng)度大、剛性好、抗震性能良好，當(dāng)采用外包混凝土構(gòu)造時(shí)，更具有良好的耐火和耐腐蝕性能。組合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件一般可降低用鋼量15～20％。組合樓蓋及鋼管混凝土構(gòu)件，還具有少支?；虿恢！⑹┕し奖憧焖俚膬?yōu)點(diǎn)，推廣潛力較大。適用于隨較大荷載的多層或高層建筑的框架梁、柱及樓蓋，工業(yè)建筑柱和樓蓋等。

(4) Steel concrete composite structure technology. The beam and column load-bearing structures composed of steel or steel management and concrete components are steel-concrete composite structures, and their application scope has been expanding in recent years. Composite structures have the advantages of both steel and concrete, with high overall strength, good rigidity, and good seismic performance. When using external concrete structures, they have better fire resistance and corrosion resistance. Composite structural components can generally reduce the amount of steel used by 15-20%. Composite floor and steel tube concrete components also have the advantages of less or no formwork support, convenient and fast construction, and have great potential for promotion. Suitable for frame beams, columns, and floors of multi story or high-rise buildings with large loads, as well as industrial building columns and floors.

（5）高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接與焊接技術(shù)。高強(qiáng)螺栓是通過磨擦力來傳遞應(yīng)力，由螺栓、螺母和墊圈三部分組成。高強(qiáng)螺栓連接施工簡(jiǎn)便、拆除靈活、承載力高、抗疲勞性能和自鎖性好、性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，工程中已取代了鉚接和部分焊接，成為鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作及安裝中的主要連接手段。在車間內(nèi)制作的鋼構(gòu)件，厚板應(yīng)采用自動(dòng)多絲弧埋焊，箱形柱隔板應(yīng)采用熔咀電渣焊等技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝施工中，應(yīng)采用半自動(dòng)焊技術(shù)和氣體保護(hù)焊藥芯焊絲及自保護(hù)藥芯焊絲技術(shù)。

(5) High strength bolt connection and welding technology. High strength bolts transmit stress through friction and are composed of three parts: bolts, nuts, and washers. The high-strength bolt connection has the advantages of simple construction, flexible removal, high bearing capacity, good fatigue resistance and self-locking performance, and high safety. It has replaced riveting and partial welding in engineering and has become the main connection method in steel structure production and installation. The steel components produced in the workshop should use automatic multi wire arc submerged welding for thick plates, and fusion nozzle electroslag welding and other technologies for box column partitions. During on-site installation and construction, semi-automatic welding technology, gas shielded flux cored welding wire, and self-protection flux cored welding wire technology should be used.

（6）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防護(hù)技術(shù)。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防護(hù)包括防火、防腐、防銹，一般是采用在防火涂料處理后無需再作防銹處理，但在有腐蝕氣體的建筑中尚需作防腐處理。國(guó)內(nèi)防火涂料種類較多，如TN系列、MC-10等，其中MC-10防火涂料有醇酸磁漆、氯化橡膠漆、氟橡膠涂料及氯磺化涂料等。在施工中應(yīng)根據(jù)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)型式、耐火等級(jí)要求及環(huán)境要求選用合適的涂料及涂層厚度。

(6) Steel structure protection technology. Steel structure protection includes fire prevention, corrosion prevention, and rust prevention. Generally, it is not necessary to undergo rust prevention treatment after being treated with fireproof coatings, but anti-corrosion treatment is still required in buildings with corrosive gases. There are many types of fireproof coatings in China, such as TN series, MC-10, etc. Among them, MC-10 fireproof coatings include alkyd enamel, chlorinated rubber paint, fluororubber paint, and chlorosulfonated paint. During construction, appropriate coatings and coating thicknesses should be selected based on the steel structure type, fire resistance rating requirements, and environmental requirements.

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